Fetal hypoxia can result from which of the following conditions?

Fetal hypoxia, a condition where the fetus does not receive enough oxygen, can be caused by several factors; one significant cause is umbilical cord occlusion. When the umbilical cord is compressed due to various reasons, such as tight loops around the fetus or pressure from the maternal pelvis, it can restrict blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. This can lead to significant health issues for the fetus, as the umbilical cord is critical for transmitting oxygen and nutrients from the mother.

In relation to the other conditions, while maternal hypertension, polyhydramnios, and preeclampsia can influence fetal oxygenation indirectly through other pathways or complications, they are not direct causes of umbilical cord occlusion. Maternal hypertension may lead to placental insufficiency, which could ultimately result in hypoxia, but this process is not as immediate or direct as cord occlusion. Conversely, umbilical cord occlusion presents a direct disruption in oxygen delivery, making it a clear and immediate cause of fetal hypoxia.