How is carbon dioxide managed in the fetus?

The management of carbon dioxide in the fetus occurs through its interaction with water to form carbonic acid. This process is essential for maintaining acid-base balance and proper respiratory function within the fetal environment. In the fetal circulatory system, carbon dioxide produced by the metabolism of fetal tissues is transported via the blood. When it reaches the fetal lungs, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, helping to regulate the pH of the fetal blood.

This conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid is crucial because it facilitates the transport of carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta, where it can be expelled through the maternal circulation. This biochemical process is part of the body's effort to manage levels of carbon dioxide and prevent acidosis, ensuring that the fetus can maintain a stable internal environment conducive to growth and development.

The other options do not accurately reflect the physiological processes involved in fetal carbon dioxide management. Converting carbon dioxide into glucose is not a recognized process in human physiology. Maintaining carbon dioxide at a constant level is not feasible, as levels change with metabolic activity. Expelling carbon dioxide into the amniotic fluid is incorrect, as the primary route for carbon dioxide elimination is through the placenta rather than into