What defines metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by an accumulation of hydrogen ions in the body, leading to a decrease in pH levels in the blood. This condition can arise from various factors, including increased production of acids, loss of bicarbonate, or decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete hydrogen ions. The buildup of hydrogen ions is critical because it disrupts the normal acid-base balance in the body, resulting in the symptoms and complications associated with metabolic acidosis.

Understanding the relationship between hydrogen ions and acids in the body is essential for recognizing how metabolic acidosis affects physiological function. While factors like bicarbonate levels and other compounds may influence the overall acid-base status, the defining characteristic of metabolic acidosis is indeed the increased concentration of hydrogen ions. This distinction is central to diagnosis and management in various clinical scenarios.