What defines the range of pCO2 for healthy fetal metabolic processes?

The range of pCO2, specifically 39.2-61.4 mmHg, is essential for healthy fetal metabolic processes because it reflects the optimal balance of carbon dioxide. This range indicates the fetal environment in which gas exchange occurs efficiently—ensuring that the fetus receives enough oxygen while effectively eliminating carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Maintaining this specific pCO2 range is crucial for the proper development of the fetal organs and systems, particularly the brain and cardiovascular system.

When pCO2 falls outside of this range, it can lead to either respiratory alkalosis or acidosis, which can adversely affect fetal oxygenation and overall health. Proper pCO2 levels are closely related to other factors such as maternal blood gases and placental function, which further underscores the significance of this specific measurement in assessing fetal well-being during surveillance.