What interval is recommended for electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) during the second stage?

In the context of electronic fetal monitoring during the second stage of labor, it is recommended that the fetal heart rate be monitored at least every 15 minutes. This interval is considered appropriate because it allows for close observation of the fetal well-being during critical moments when the baby is descending through the birth canal. Continuous monitoring helps to identify any signs of fetal distress, such as variable decelerations or bradycardia, which could indicate potential complications.

Monitoring at this frequency balances the need for detailed assessment without causing unnecessary interruption during labor. It ensures that healthcare providers can respond promptly to any changes in the fetal heart rate, which is crucial for timely intervention if needed. Such vigilance is important because the second stage is when the risk for fetal compromise can increase due to uterine contractions and the stresses of delivery.

Options that suggest longer intervals, such as every 20 minutes, would not provide sufficient data to effectively monitor the fetus's condition in real-time. Shorter intervals, like every 5 or 10 minutes, might be more intensive than necessary, which could lead to added stress for both the patient and the healthcare team without a significant increase in benefit. Thus, monitoring at least every 15 minutes strikes an appropriate balance for ensuring fetal health during this