What parameters does a biophysical profile (BPP) measure?

A biophysical profile (BPP) is a comprehensive assessment used to evaluate fetal health by measuring specific physiological parameters. The correct answer encompasses four critical components: fetal breathing movement, body movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume.

Fetal breathing movement reflects the ability of the fetus to perform respiratory-like movements, which is an indicator of neurological function and well-being. Body movement assesses the overall activity level of the fetus, another important marker of health. Fetal tone refers to the degree of muscular tension and activity, which provides insight into the fetal nervous system function. Lastly, amniotic fluid volume is essential as it indicates the well-being of the fetus; adequate amniotic fluid is crucial for normal development and indicates that the fetus is adequately hydrated and not in distress.

Collectively, these parameters help healthcare providers assess the risk of fetal hypoxia or other complications during pregnancy, making them crucial components in prenatal monitoring.